Hand tool



Nov. 27 1923. 1,475,273

W. A. BERNARD HAND TOOL Filed Jan. 5, 1921 7 arrow,

Patented Nov. 27,1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

WILLIAM A. BERNARD, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE WILLIAM SCHOLLHORN COMPANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

HAND TOOL.

Application fi led January 3, 1921. Serial No. 434,589.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. BEnNARp, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Haven, county of New Haven, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hand Tools, of

which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to hand tools and more particularly to such tools as pllers, pinchers, punches, wire cutters, or the like, in which levers or other means are provided to bring together two cooperating jaws with more or 1cm force. While I have preferred to illustrate one embodiment of my invention as applied to a fuse cutter and explosive cap crimper, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of structure shown, but the principles thereof are capable of broad application and of embodiment in may tools and devices of other types and designed for other uses.

One object of my invention is to provide a tool in which a maximum amount of wer may be developed by convenient manipulation of the operating parts and wherein the size of the device is very small in comparison with the amount of power developed,

-Another object of my invention is to produce a tool of such size and shape that it will be readily ortable and conveniently manipulated and eld in the hand and yet be capable of developing a maximum amount of power when in use.

A still further object of my invention is to provide novel means for transmitting the movement of the handles or lever members to the movable jaws to produce relative movement of the same, so that a relatively small force exerted on the handles or lever members will produce a relative movement of the jaws with a powerful force.

Another object of myinvention is to improve certain details of construction of tools of this character so that a variety of operations may be performed by the same tool, preferably such operations as are usually performed together or successively in the same line of work. 7

To these and other ends the invention resides in the novel features and combination Fig. 3;

ig. 6 is a sectional View similar to Fig. 5, but showing the parts of the tool in another position;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line 77 of Fi 2' ig. 8 is a sectional view on line 88 of Fig. '9 is a detailed perspective view of one of the toggle links; and- Fig. 10 is a detailed perspective view of one of the jaws of the tool.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates one of the jaws of my improved hand tool, which as stated, I have shown as an explosive cap crimper and fuse cutter, This jaw 10 is perforated at 11 for the reception of a pin or rivet 12 by which the two lever members or handles 13 are pivoted thereto. These lever members 13 are provided with forward forked or bifurcated ends 14, which straddle the jaw 10 and are perforated to receive the pin 12. The pin is then upset or riveted so as to secure the forked ends of the handle members 13 thereon.

The jaw 10 is provided with two working' faces, one of which is provided with a cutting groove 15 and the other with a substantially semi-circular recess 16, which extends from one edge of the face to the other. The sides of the jaw are cut back or countersunk slightly adjacent the recess 16, as shown at 17 in Figs. 1, 2and 10.

The jaw 10 is also provided with a lon tudinal openin 18. A plunger 19 is slidably mounted in this opening and i pro videdwith a jaw in the form of a crosshead 20, which cooperates with the jaw 10 to perform the functions of the tool. Thisjaw is provided with two working faces, one on each side of the plunger 19, which comprise a cutting edge 21, which cooperates with the cut-ting groove of the jaw 10 and a semi-circular recess 22, which coo rates with the recess 16 of the jaw 10. he exact shape of the jaws, or the functions which they are designed to perform, will be, of course, subject to changes and modifications without departing from the spirit of my invention. It will be understood, of

- course, that the same principles may be apwith the jaw 10. slot moves'back and forth upon the pin 12 plied to many other tools designed for the accomplishment of various results.

The plunger 19 is provided with a longitudinal slot 23, which receives the pin 12, which has been heretofore described as pivotally connectin the handle members 1 s shown in Fig. 5, the

when the tool is in operation, the pin serving as an abutment to limit the forward movement of the plunger and jaw 20.

The plunger is also provided with a rearwardly extending end 24 perforated at 23 for connection with the lever members or handles 13. The relative movement of the two jaws of the tool is accomplished by means of a toggle connection, which will now be described. The lever members or handles 13 areconnected to the extended end 24 of the plunger by means of the toggle links 26. One of these links, as shown in Fig. 9, comprises a pair of substantially arallel arms 27 which are connected by a bridge member 28, and which are provided with perforations 29 at the respective ends of the same. A pin 30 passes through the perforations 29 atone end' of each of the toggle members 26 and through thev perforation 25 in the extension 24 of the plunger 19'. The other ends of the toggle members are connected respectively to the levers 13 by pins 31. It will be understood, .of course, that the plunger 24:, the toggle members 26, and the hand e pivotal movement about the in 12, 30 and 31. A spring 32 is wound a ut one of-the pins 31, one end of the spring reacting against one of the handle members 13, while the other end reacts against the bridge member 28 which spans the pair of arms 27 of one of the toggle members 26. Thespring is soztem red as to produce an unwinding tension a out the pin 32, which will serve the to normally retain the parts of the tool in osition shown in Fig.5.

T e operation of my device is as follows:

The spring 32,- ashas been stated, normally retains the jaws in open position, as shown in Fig. 5. Supposing that it is desired to cut a fuse in two, the fuse isplaced between the cutting edge 21 and thefaee members 13 are capable ofof the jaw 10, which carries the cutting groove 15, and the lever members are pressed together. As will be understood from the foregoing description, the toggles which comprise that part of the lever members 13 between the pins 12 and' 31 and .the toggle members 26 will be 0 rated to thrust the jaw 10 forwardly, t e jaw 20 being brought rearwardly at the same time. The two jaws are forced together with a. very powerful force, which is due to the ressure'downward upon the pin 31, which t is seen will have a great leverage to produce movement in a horizontal direction.

During the first part of the approaching movement of 'the pins 31, the jaws are moved relatively to each other, to a comparatively great extent while'during the latter part of the approaching movement of the.

pins 31, the angle between the toggle arms becomes very large and only a small movement is transmitted to the jaws. with which the jaws are brought together will be correspondingly greater as the movement of the jaws becomes less. The lever members or handles 13 are then released, and the spring 32 will serve to extend the jaws v to open position, as shown in Fig. 5. If it is now desired to crimp a cap about the fuse, the capis placed between the recessed The force portions of the jaws and the lever members .at one end of its movement, and the pressure transmitted to the work is correspondingly increased. By means of the toggle arrangement, a large amount of power can be developed at the meeting of the two jaws of the" tool by applying a relatively slight ressure on the lever or handle members 13. t is particularly desirable, as is well known, to be able to develop a great deal of power in tools of this kind where fuse cutters, or wire cutters, or like, are require to cut or bite through material which is tough and hard. It will be possible, however, by using a hand tool constructed accordin to the principles of my invention, to er orm the required operations on the bar est and toughest of materials with relatively small effort on the part of the operator. 3 While] have shown a preferred form of my invention and described the same in detall, it is to be understood that the invention is not limitedtdthe exact form shown, but is capable of man variations and modifications whichv will he within the spiritof the same and within the scope of the ap-' pendedclaims.

(pliers or punches, or the What I claim is:

1. A hand tool comprising two cooperating jaws, a pair of levers pivoted to one of said jaws by a common pivot, and links pivoted respectively to said levers and by a common pivot to the other jaw, said levers and links forming two operating toggles for said jaws,

2. In a hand tool, the combination of an outer T-shaped jaw, an inner jaw having a guideway for the leg of the outer jaw, operating handles, a pin pivoting the handles to the inner jaw, said pin passing through the leg of the outer jaw and connecting means between the end of the leg of the outer jaw and the operating handles to force the outer jaw toward the inner jaw.

3. A hand tool ha ing a pair of jaws, means to move said jaws toward each other comprising a pair of handles pivoted together and to one of said jaws, and a pair of links pivoted together and to an extension of the other of said jaws, the extension of said second mentioned jaw passing through the first mentioned jaw and having a slot therein clearing the handle pivot, said links also respectively connected to said handles.

4. A hand tool having a pair of jaws, means to move said jaws toward each other comprising a pair of toggles, handle extensions from the knuckles of said toggles, the outer of said jaws having an extension passing through the inner of said jaws, means pivoting one set of links of said toggles to the inner jaw, said means acting as a stop against a portion of said outer jaw to limit the outward motion thereof.

5. A hand tool having a pair of cooperating jaws, and means to move said jaws toward each other including a pair of toggles, one set of links of said toggles being pivoted together and to the inner jaw, the other set of links of said toggles pivoted together and to the outer jaw, handles for operating said toggles, extending from one set of links, and-means acting against one of said handles and one link of the set connected to the outer jaw tending to break the toggle.

6. In a hand tool, an inner jaw, an outer jaw, a plunger integral with said outer jaw, said inner. aw having an opening for the passage of said plunger therethrough, said plunger havin a slot, a pair of toggles, the links of said toggles pivotally attached to the inner and outer jaws respectively, a pivot pin for attaching said links to the inner jaw passing through the slotin said plunger and cooperating with the plunger at the end of said slot to limit the outward movement of said outer jaw, and handlesfor operating said toggles to cause the jaws to move toward each other.

7. A hand tool having opposing jaws,

means for drawing the outer one of said jaws toward the inner one including a pair of toggles, common means for pivoting one set of toggle links to said inner jaw and common means for pivoting the other set of toggle links to the outer jaw.

8. A hand tool having opposing jaws, means for causing movement of said jaws toward each other including a. pair of toggles, a portion of the outer one of said jaws passing through the inner one of said jaws and secured to one set of the links of said toggles, means in said inner jaw for guiding said *portion of the outer jaw, said mean also being the pivot for the other set of the links of said toggles.

9. In a hand tool of the class described, an inner jaw having an opening extending longitudinally therethrough to allow the passage of a plunger extension of an outer jaw and also having another opening extending laterally therethrough to allow the pivota connection of operating means therewith, said openings intercepting sub-. stantially upon the longitudinal centerline.

10. A hand tool comprising two cooperating jaws, the outer jaw having a plunger thereon, the inner jaw having an opening therein for the passage of said plunger therethrough, means to clo'se said jaws com prising a pair of handle members, a common pivot member for said handle members passing through said inner jaw, a pair of links pivoted together and to the inner 'end of said plunger, the other ends of said 11. In a hand tool, a pair of cooperating jaws, a pair of operating handles, the inner one of said jaws pivoted by a common pivot to both of said handles, the outer one of said jaws movable toward said inner jaw and having a member thereon passing through said inner jaw, means pivoted to the inner end of said member and also pivoted to the said handles for causing such movement when the handles are pressed toward each other, and means cooperating with one of said pivoted means and one of said handles tending to retain said handles in an extended position.

12. In a hand tool, a pair of jaws having opposing faces, the outer one of said jaws having an extension thereon extending through an opening in the inner one. of said jaws, means connected with said extension and to the inner jaw to close said jaws, a pivot pin through said inner jaw so located that the extension on said outer jaw is guided thereby to cause the opposing faces J said jaws to cooperate properly when said jaws are closed. v

13. In a hand tool, a pair of cooperating jaws, operating means to close said jaws comprising a pair of toggles, one set of the connecting one link of each toggle to one' jaw, a pivot pin connecting the other link of each toggle to the otherjaw, one of said pivot ins acting as a guide for one of the jaws uring its movement.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand on the 30th day of December, 1920.

WILLIAM A. BERNARD. 

